Post by diru on Oct 26, 2011 1:56:06 GMT -5
Ok, genetics is a vast and confusing subject but I'm going to try and explain it, and even give some combos for some colors. By the way, here's a fun little site to help you actually SEE colors and genetics at the same time! XxX
Ok, first the thing there are three classifications for genes, and I'll be using the simple gene for black which is E
Homozygous- has two capital letters, (EE), will ALWAYS pass to foal
Heterozygous- one lower case one upper, (Ee), may pass to the foal
Recessive- two lower case (ee), will never show on the foal unless the other parent carries the same gene.
Some genes: (These are NOT the color themselves, but the letters that represent them being shown)
Black- EE or Ee
Chestnut- ee
Flaxen- ff (note: can be carried by ANY color but it MUST be ff for it to show on red based horses)
Agouti- AA, Aa, A^tA^t, A^ta, A+A+, A+a
Cream- CrCr, nCr
Champagne- ChCh, nCh
Sabino- SbSb, nSb
Tobaino- TT, nT
Overo- OO, nO (note: OO results in LWO {lethal white overo} aka, a dead horse)
Dun- DD, Dd
Appaloosa- LpLp, Lplp (note that it IS possible for a horse to carry the appaloosa gene and not sure it, the pattern gene is what creates the spots and it is possible for a horse to have BOTH patn genes! And it is also possible for a horse to carry a patn gene but not express it due to no Lp gene!)
->Pattern1: PATN-1PATN-1, PATN-1patn-1, patn-1patn-1
->Pattern2: PATN-2PATN-2, PATN-2patn-2, patn-2patn-2
----->note about the appies, typically 1 is for the full body coverage (leopard & fewspot) while 2 is more for the rump (blanket/snowcap).
Splash- SplSpl, nSpl
Roan- RnRn, Rnrn
Sooty- StySty, Stysty
Rabicano- RbRb, Rbrb
Silver- ZZ, nZ
Grey- GG, Gg
White- WW, nW (note that WW also results in lethal white foals)
Pearl-PrlPrl, Prlprl, prlprl (note that the pearl gene is similar to the flaxen and cream genes where that pearl must be homozygous RECESSIVE to show, unless on a horse with the cream gene then it need only be heterozygous recessive, this will NEVER show when the horse is homozygous dominant so PrlPrl will NEVER show pearl, with or without the cream gene)
Ok, now to some colors, and combinations that get them...I'm not bothering with paints or appaloosas, those are simple tacked on at the end. Same goes for the sooty and rabicano genes. Grey also overrides every other gene in the end and can therefore be attached to any color.
Greys are normally grey over black (dapple/steel/fleabitten), grey over chestnut (rose grey), but can be over any other color.
Black: one of the two base colors for horses
-EE/aa (E will always be dominant in any variation, but A will never be dominant
Chestnut: the other base color for horses
-ee/AA (ee will remain, A can variate to anything)
Flaxen Chesnut: same exact thing as the chestnut except for one thing!
-ee/AA/ff (ee and ff will remain the same, A can variate to anything)
Bay: any agouti on black
-EE/AA (will be variations of this but E or A will NEVER both be lower case)
Wild Bay: variation of agouti on black
-EE/A+A+ (can have variations but will always have at least Ee/A+a
Seal Brown: not really different from bay, except for one thing
-EE/A^tA^t (A^t should be read as A raised to t like exponents)
Dun: dun factor applied over bay or chestnut (red dun, see below)
-EE/AA/DD (again, variations but the horse MUST have a dominant black, agouti and dun gene)
Red dun: dun over chestnut
-ee/AA/DD (E will ALWAYS be lowercase, but variations of A, and D must have one dominant gene)
Grulla: dun factor over black
-EE/DD (variations, agouti is never present but black and dun are always present)
Palomino: cream over chestnut
-ee/nCr (will ALWAYS be ee, and ALWAYS one cream gene (see cremello for why)
Buckskin: cream over bay
-EE/AA/nCr (will always have some sort of black, and agouti, and only ONE cream (see perlino)
Cremello: two cream over chestnut
-ee/CrCr (no variations except for silver carriers....two creams take the chestnut to cremello)
Perlino: two cream over bay
-EE/AA/CrCr (black and agouti may variate, but there will always be TWO cream over bay, so black and agouti MUST be present)
Dunskin: dun over buckskin
-EE/AA/nCr/DD (will always have one cream, one dominant D, one dominant E, and one dominant A)
Dunalino: dun over palomino
-ee/AA/nCr/DD (will always have ee, A will vary, one cream, and D will vary)
Blue Roan: roan over black
-EE/RnRn (will NEVER have agouti or ee, roan and black can vary otherwise)
Red roan: roan over chestnut
-ee/RnRn (will always have ee, may carry agouti, Roan will vary but will always have one dominant)
Strawberry roan: roan over flaxen chestnut
-ee/ff/RnRn (Remember, always ee and ff! May also carry agouti and the roan must always be at least Rnrn!)
Palomino roan: palomino with roan over it
-ee/AA/nCr/RnRn (I think it's pretty obvious if you go back to palomino and figure out what can or cannot work)
Bay roan: hey look! bay with the roan gene!
-EE/AA/RnRn (remember no, ee
)
Dun roan: Omg! I bet this is just a dun with roan over it!
-EE/AA/DD/RnRn
Smoky Black: now here's a fun one, black with cream
-EE/nCr (note: there is NEVER any agouti present otherwise you'd have a buckskin)
Amber champagne: and this is where it'll get fun..., bay with champagne
-EE/AA/ChCh (will always express the black, agouti, and champange genes though doesn't have to be homozygous)
Sable champagne: ok, this one is a pain....(champagne over seal bay)
-EE/A^t a/ChCh (ok, will always express the black and seal bay (A^t{a/A^t}), and the champagne)
Classic champagne: champagne over black
-EE/ChCh (agouti will never be present and E will never be ee)
Gold champagne: champagne over chestnut
-ee/ChCh (ee will never change)
Gold Cream: cream and champagne over chestnut
-ee/CrCr/ChCh (cream and champagne can vary as long as it's present, ee will never change)
Sable Cream: cream and champagne over seal brown
-EE/A^tA^t/CrCr/ChCh (black must be present, A^t must be present, cream and champagne may vary as long as they are present)
Classic Cream: cream and champagne over black
-EE/CrCr/ChCh (agouti never present, black will vary but will never be ee, Cream and champagne may vary as well)
Amber Cream: cream and champagne over bay
-EE/AA/CrCr/ChCh (again, all will vary as long as there's at least one dominant of each gene)
Varnish Roan: may have any color coat! Let's say that this particular one is a palomino!
ee/Aa/nCr/Lplp/patn-1patn-1/patn-2patn-2 (note: varnish roans always have at least one copy of the Lp gene but could have two, they just don't have a pattern gene which gives them their spots!)
Leopard Appaloosa: can have ANY color coat! So let's just say our horse for this is a plain old black.
EE/aa/Lplp/PATN-1patn-1/patn-2patn2 (note: that to be a leopard the horse must have only ONE Lp gene and at least one Patn-1 gene!)
Fewspot Appaloosa: can have any color coat! Let's say this one is a grullo.
Ee/aa/DD/LpLp/PATN-1patn-1/patn-2patn-2 (Note: to be fewspot the horse must have TWO copies of Lp and at least one copy of patn-1!)
Blanket Appaloosa: again, may have any color coat, so let's pretend this one is a buckskin!
EE/AA/nCr/Lplp/patn-1patn-1/PATN-2patn-2 (note: horse must only have ONE copy of Lp and at least one of PATN-2!)
Snowcap Appaloosa: again, any color coat so let's say this one is a smokey classic grulla splash
EE/aa/nCr/Chch/Splspl/LpLp/patn-1patn-1/PATN-2patn-2 (note: must have two copies of Lp and at least one PATN-2 to be a snowcap!)
Note about Silvers: they may have a special names but it's mostly simple colors with the silver gene thrown on...and for the most part, I'm pretending every combo does NOT have the silver gene. Oh, the silver gene NEVER shows up on red based horses, they can carry it, and they could throw a silver foal it just doesn't show on them.
Brindles:[/b] Please note that brindling is NOT a gene, it's actually the fusion of two foals while in the womb therefore they can occur anywhere at random and not even always from a brindle parent!
Usually denoted as: X+ for being a brindle and X- for not being one
If you have any questions regarding these please shoot me a pm, I'm on alot so you'll get a pretty quick response! Please also remember I am not a professional so there could be errors, if you see any, shoot me a pm as well! I'm always curious!
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Ok, first the thing there are three classifications for genes, and I'll be using the simple gene for black which is E
Homozygous- has two capital letters, (EE), will ALWAYS pass to foal
Heterozygous- one lower case one upper, (Ee), may pass to the foal
Recessive- two lower case (ee), will never show on the foal unless the other parent carries the same gene.
Some genes: (These are NOT the color themselves, but the letters that represent them being shown)
Black- EE or Ee
Chestnut- ee
Flaxen- ff (note: can be carried by ANY color but it MUST be ff for it to show on red based horses)
Agouti- AA, Aa, A^tA^t, A^ta, A+A+, A+a
Cream- CrCr, nCr
Champagne- ChCh, nCh
Sabino- SbSb, nSb
Tobaino- TT, nT
Overo- OO, nO (note: OO results in LWO {lethal white overo} aka, a dead horse)
Dun- DD, Dd
Appaloosa- LpLp, Lplp (note that it IS possible for a horse to carry the appaloosa gene and not sure it, the pattern gene is what creates the spots and it is possible for a horse to have BOTH patn genes! And it is also possible for a horse to carry a patn gene but not express it due to no Lp gene!)
->Pattern1: PATN-1PATN-1, PATN-1patn-1, patn-1patn-1
->Pattern2: PATN-2PATN-2, PATN-2patn-2, patn-2patn-2
----->note about the appies, typically 1 is for the full body coverage (leopard & fewspot) while 2 is more for the rump (blanket/snowcap).
Splash- SplSpl, nSpl
Roan- RnRn, Rnrn
Sooty- StySty, Stysty
Rabicano- RbRb, Rbrb
Silver- ZZ, nZ
Grey- GG, Gg
White- WW, nW (note that WW also results in lethal white foals)
Pearl-PrlPrl, Prlprl, prlprl (note that the pearl gene is similar to the flaxen and cream genes where that pearl must be homozygous RECESSIVE to show, unless on a horse with the cream gene then it need only be heterozygous recessive, this will NEVER show when the horse is homozygous dominant so PrlPrl will NEVER show pearl, with or without the cream gene)
Ok, now to some colors, and combinations that get them...I'm not bothering with paints or appaloosas, those are simple tacked on at the end. Same goes for the sooty and rabicano genes. Grey also overrides every other gene in the end and can therefore be attached to any color.
Greys are normally grey over black (dapple/steel/fleabitten), grey over chestnut (rose grey), but can be over any other color.
Black: one of the two base colors for horses
-EE/aa (E will always be dominant in any variation, but A will never be dominant
Chestnut: the other base color for horses
-ee/AA (ee will remain, A can variate to anything)
Flaxen Chesnut: same exact thing as the chestnut except for one thing!
-ee/AA/ff (ee and ff will remain the same, A can variate to anything)
Bay: any agouti on black
-EE/AA (will be variations of this but E or A will NEVER both be lower case)
Wild Bay: variation of agouti on black
-EE/A+A+ (can have variations but will always have at least Ee/A+a
Seal Brown: not really different from bay, except for one thing
-EE/A^tA^t (A^t should be read as A raised to t like exponents)
Dun: dun factor applied over bay or chestnut (red dun, see below)
-EE/AA/DD (again, variations but the horse MUST have a dominant black, agouti and dun gene)
Red dun: dun over chestnut
-ee/AA/DD (E will ALWAYS be lowercase, but variations of A, and D must have one dominant gene)
Grulla: dun factor over black
-EE/DD (variations, agouti is never present but black and dun are always present)
Palomino: cream over chestnut
-ee/nCr (will ALWAYS be ee, and ALWAYS one cream gene (see cremello for why)
Buckskin: cream over bay
-EE/AA/nCr (will always have some sort of black, and agouti, and only ONE cream (see perlino)
Cremello: two cream over chestnut
-ee/CrCr (no variations except for silver carriers....two creams take the chestnut to cremello)
Perlino: two cream over bay
-EE/AA/CrCr (black and agouti may variate, but there will always be TWO cream over bay, so black and agouti MUST be present)
Dunskin: dun over buckskin
-EE/AA/nCr/DD (will always have one cream, one dominant D, one dominant E, and one dominant A)
Dunalino: dun over palomino
-ee/AA/nCr/DD (will always have ee, A will vary, one cream, and D will vary)
Blue Roan: roan over black
-EE/RnRn (will NEVER have agouti or ee, roan and black can vary otherwise)
Red roan: roan over chestnut
-ee/RnRn (will always have ee, may carry agouti, Roan will vary but will always have one dominant)
Strawberry roan: roan over flaxen chestnut
-ee/ff/RnRn (Remember, always ee and ff! May also carry agouti and the roan must always be at least Rnrn!)
Palomino roan: palomino with roan over it
-ee/AA/nCr/RnRn (I think it's pretty obvious if you go back to palomino and figure out what can or cannot work)
Bay roan: hey look! bay with the roan gene!
-EE/AA/RnRn (remember no, ee
)Dun roan: Omg! I bet this is just a dun with roan over it!
-EE/AA/DD/RnRn
Smoky Black: now here's a fun one, black with cream
-EE/nCr (note: there is NEVER any agouti present otherwise you'd have a buckskin)
Amber champagne: and this is where it'll get fun..., bay with champagne
-EE/AA/ChCh (will always express the black, agouti, and champange genes though doesn't have to be homozygous)
Sable champagne: ok, this one is a pain....(champagne over seal bay)
-EE/A^t a/ChCh (ok, will always express the black and seal bay (A^t{a/A^t}), and the champagne)
Classic champagne: champagne over black
-EE/ChCh (agouti will never be present and E will never be ee)
Gold champagne: champagne over chestnut
-ee/ChCh (ee will never change)
Gold Cream: cream and champagne over chestnut
-ee/CrCr/ChCh (cream and champagne can vary as long as it's present, ee will never change)
Sable Cream: cream and champagne over seal brown
-EE/A^tA^t/CrCr/ChCh (black must be present, A^t must be present, cream and champagne may vary as long as they are present)
Classic Cream: cream and champagne over black
-EE/CrCr/ChCh (agouti never present, black will vary but will never be ee, Cream and champagne may vary as well)
Amber Cream: cream and champagne over bay
-EE/AA/CrCr/ChCh (again, all will vary as long as there's at least one dominant of each gene)
Varnish Roan: may have any color coat! Let's say that this particular one is a palomino!
ee/Aa/nCr/Lplp/patn-1patn-1/patn-2patn-2 (note: varnish roans always have at least one copy of the Lp gene but could have two, they just don't have a pattern gene which gives them their spots!)
Leopard Appaloosa: can have ANY color coat! So let's just say our horse for this is a plain old black.
EE/aa/Lplp/PATN-1patn-1/patn-2patn2 (note: that to be a leopard the horse must have only ONE Lp gene and at least one Patn-1 gene!)
Fewspot Appaloosa: can have any color coat! Let's say this one is a grullo.
Ee/aa/DD/LpLp/PATN-1patn-1/patn-2patn-2 (Note: to be fewspot the horse must have TWO copies of Lp and at least one copy of patn-1!)
Blanket Appaloosa: again, may have any color coat, so let's pretend this one is a buckskin!
EE/AA/nCr/Lplp/patn-1patn-1/PATN-2patn-2 (note: horse must only have ONE copy of Lp and at least one of PATN-2!)
Snowcap Appaloosa: again, any color coat so let's say this one is a smokey classic grulla splash
EE/aa/nCr/Chch/Splspl/LpLp/patn-1patn-1/PATN-2patn-2 (note: must have two copies of Lp and at least one PATN-2 to be a snowcap!)
Note about Silvers: they may have a special names but it's mostly simple colors with the silver gene thrown on...and for the most part, I'm pretending every combo does NOT have the silver gene. Oh, the silver gene NEVER shows up on red based horses, they can carry it, and they could throw a silver foal it just doesn't show on them.
Brindles:[/b] Please note that brindling is NOT a gene, it's actually the fusion of two foals while in the womb therefore they can occur anywhere at random and not even always from a brindle parent!
Usually denoted as: X+ for being a brindle and X- for not being one
If you have any questions regarding these please shoot me a pm, I'm on alot so you'll get a pretty quick response! Please also remember I am not a professional so there could be errors, if you see any, shoot me a pm as well! I'm always curious!
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